In certain materials, a unique "umbilical cord" can connect different quantum states, as researchers at TU Wien have discovered. This phenomenon, which was initially observed in specific copper-based materials called cuprates in 2007, has now been shown to be a general feature of many materials. The findings are published in Nature Communications.
A fundamental principle of quantum theory is that some physical quantities can only take on specific discrete values, with intermediate values being forbidden. This rule governs the behavior of materials, dictating the energy levels available to electrons. These discrete energy ranges, or bands, determine whether a material is a conductor or an insulator.
In insulators, wide "forbidden" energy gaps prevent electrons from moving between bands, keeping them bound to atomic nuclei and stopping electrical current. In conductive materials, these gaps are absent, allowing electrons to flow freely.
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The TU Wien researchers have demonstrated that when the interaction strength between electrons is high enough, an additional state can emerge between the metallic and insulating phases. This is achieved by modifying the electron interactions through doping, a method that introduces a controlled number of different atoms into the material.
Professor Karsten Held from the Institute of Solid State Physics at TU Wien explains that as the electron interaction strength changes, a single energy band can split into two separate bands. During this transition, a "quantum umbilical cord" initially connects the two bands, creating a temporary link between them.
Held describes this phenomenon as a structural feature that emerges during the separation of energy bands, influenced by combinations of energy and momentum. This insight broadens the understanding of quantum states and their transitions, showing that these links are not isolated anomalies but inherent to a wide range of materials.
The discovery could pave the way for advancements in materials science, offering new perspectives on the manipulation of quantum states for future technologies.
A fundamental principle of quantum theory is that some physical quantities can only take on specific discrete values, with intermediate values being forbidden. This rule governs the behavior of materials, dictating the energy levels available to electrons. These discrete energy ranges, or bands, determine whether a material is a conductor or an insulator.
In insulators, wide "forbidden" energy gaps prevent electrons from moving between bands, keeping them bound to atomic nuclei and stopping electrical current. In conductive materials, these gaps are absent, allowing electrons to flow freely.
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The TU Wien researchers have demonstrated that when the interaction strength between electrons is high enough, an additional state can emerge between the metallic and insulating phases. This is achieved by modifying the electron interactions through doping, a method that introduces a controlled number of different atoms into the material.
Professor Karsten Held from the Institute of Solid State Physics at TU Wien explains that as the electron interaction strength changes, a single energy band can split into two separate bands. During this transition, a "quantum umbilical cord" initially connects the two bands, creating a temporary link between them.
Held describes this phenomenon as a structural feature that emerges during the separation of energy bands, influenced by combinations of energy and momentum. This insight broadens the understanding of quantum states and their transitions, showing that these links are not isolated anomalies but inherent to a wide range of materials.
The discovery could pave the way for advancements in materials science, offering new perspectives on the manipulation of quantum states for future technologies.
